While most of us can appreciate a well designed UI (User Interface) that gives a good UX (User Experience), some applications in vital industries REQUIRE a good UI/UX to prevent any fatal mishaps.
As a good example, applications used in the medical industry need a clear and non-confusing UI, as well as a well defined process of checks and balances to prevent fatal mistakes. I have come across newspaper articles where a patient was either underdosed or overdosed due to confusion over the units of measurement (e.g. milligrams vs grams). As an example, you can refer to this link where an elderly lady was given a 10x overdose.
Another important domain for clear UI/UX will be the military. Oftentimes, the systems users have to react within a tight time frame and they need the systems to understand what their intention is. Unfortunately, with the link to the twitter stream here, you can see that even the most powerful Navy in the world faces issues with UI/UX!
With that in mind, this article by Forbes gives some good guidelines on designing good UI/UX. This is probably just one of many other good articles out there on the Internet on the topic of UI/UX, so please feel free to share your favourites in the comments below!