So, i already mentioned that the vitamins are fat soluble and water soluble. The fat soluble ones are A, D, E and K.
I will start to write about vitamin A, as its deficiency is a serious, actual problem in low income countries, second only to the protein/energy malnutrition crisis. Vitamin A is a generic name for a fat-soluble family of compounds related to retinol (pre-formed vitamin A). It is found in animal sources (as retinol-ester linked to a fatty acid) and in food supplements. Plant based carotenoids (provitamin A) like beta carotene can be converted in vitamin A in the small intestine.
Vitamin A inside our body has 5 forms: retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, retinal esters and carotenoids.
Retinol - is the major form of vitamin A, found in our body, it is an alcoholic form of vitamin A, very unstable, stored as retinol ester (mostly linked to fatty acid palmitate as retinyl-palmitate).
Retinal - is the oxidized form of the retinol, an aldehyde compound. Can be oxidized to produce the retinoic acid.
Beta-carotene - one of the 600 carotenoids existing in nature, is the most abundant and most efficient provitamin A. All the forms of vitamin A are preformed, except provitamin A (carotenoids). The beta carotene can be splitted in two molecules of retinal.
Food sources of vitamin A are the liver (the richest source), followed by fish oils, egg yolk, whole milk, butter and cheese. Carotenoids are found in carrots, yellow and dark green vegetables, pumpkin, apricot, mellon and sweet potatoes.
I will stop here to not come up with too many technical terms. Next post is about vitamin A absorption and metabolism.
Yours truly,
George
P.S. If you are Romanian, you can also publish your post in the Publish0x Romanian Community group for others to read it.
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