Two of the big infrastructure projects in Europe. (If you still consider London is in Europe)
Currently, about 50% of the population lives in the cities. In 50 years that is going to increase to 70-75%. Are the cities ready for that?
Grand Paris Express is a proposed new rapid transit line being built in the greater Paris region of France. Most of the track is passing through about 30-40meters below the ground.

Crossrail (to be officially named as Elizabeth line) is the new railway line under development in the London United Kingdom.

A quick comparison of facts
Grand Paris Express London Crossrail

The new situation emerged from the pandemic as I understand there is a lot of demand for real estate outside cities. Employers are moving or adapting to the Working From Home for most of the employers. Do you think people still want to move to cities or it is just a temporal phenomenon?