An Indian Supreme Court ruling and calls from Indian Muslims to end Islamophobic attacks have put Hindu nationalists under pressure. The ruling and calls highlight the campaign against Muslims in India and place scrutiny on Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Hindu nationalist government, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a paramilitary group.

The RSS has not commented on the ruling or the calls from Muslims. There is an ongoing dialogue between the RSS and Indonesia's Nahdlatul Ulama, a moderate Muslim civil society movement. The court ruling criticized the failure to control hate speech and emphasized the need to separate religion from politics to reduce tensions. The ruling coincided with a letter from prominent Indian Muslims to the RSS chief, expressing concern over anti-Muslim rhetoric and violence.

The RSS has been hesitant to condemn such acts. The divide between the BJP and the RSS has broader implications beyond inter-communal relations in India and affects the BJP's foreign policy approach. The government is considering whether to include a religious engagement strategy in its chairmanship of the G20 and, if so, which Muslim group to partner with. The RSS has sought to establish a partnership with Nahdlatul Ulama. Still, its failure to engage with Indian Muslims and distance itself from anti-Muslim sentiment raises questions about the viability of the partnership.

The RSS and Hindu religious leaders must decide how long they can endorse or tolerate anti-Muslim sentiment without pushing Muslims toward radicalization.

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