Publication in Russian on the Zen blog
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I often find comments stating that Russia also won the First World War. Well, I understand, they want to think so. But no, it's completely different. Let's be brief and point-by-point.
The First World War (1914-1918): a brief overview
1. The causes of the war
- The Balkan crisis: the assassination of the Austrian heir Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo (June 28, 1914).
- The system of alliances: military blocs dragged the leading powers into the conflict.
- German militarism: Germany aspired to world domination and feared encirclement.
- Colonial rivalry: the struggle for resources and territories between great powers.
- Nationalism: instability in the Balkans and multinational empires.
2. Who attacked whom?
1. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia (July 28, 1914).
2. Russia supported Serbia → Germany declared war on Russia (August 1).
3. Germany declared war on France (August 3) and invaded Belgium, which led to the entry of Great Britain (August 4).
4. Later, the Ottoman Empire, Italy, Bulgaria, the United States and other countries joined the war.
3. The main participants of the war
- Entente: France, Great Britain, Russia (before 1917), Italy (since 1915), USA (since 1917) and others.
- Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria.
4. The results of the war: Who won and who lost?
- The Entente (France, Great Britain, USA, etc.) won.
- The central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, etc.) lost.
5. Why did Russia lose? (conditionally lost, to be more precise)
- Economic crisis and lack of resources.
- Military defeats and weak command.
- Political crisis, revolutions of 1917, civil war.
- Russia's withdrawal from the war after the signing of the humiliating Brest Peace with Germany (1918).
6. How did it end?
- November 11, 1918 – Germany surrendered.
- 1919 – The Versailles Peace Treaty: Germany is found guilty of the war, lost territories and pledged to pay reparations.
- Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire collapsed.
- The League of Nations (the forerunner of the United Nations) was established.
- Russia withdrew from the war in 1918, having lost territories (Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic States).
The war led to millions of casualties and became one of the main causes of the Second World War.
Myths about Russia's invincibility
The cyclical occupation of Moscow and the reformatting of society
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