After the rise of the Ottoman Empire, the silk road which was a link between Asia and Europe was disrupted and dragged Europe which was to suffer from the winter freezing cold temperatures need cotton and silk at those days China and India were marketing, which made Europeans search for alternative ways to explore. With the advancement of shipping gained speed and mapping techniques broke the concept that the world is flat making Europeans set their ships towards the west to search for the shortest way to reach India. In 1492, Christopher Columbus reached West Indies and when he observed people there were reddish in colour which was to be black, called them Red Indians. This is how New world America was explored.
At the same time, the mercantilism concept overruled Europe which gave birth to new issues like colonialism. The Europeans with the advancement of weapons carried rifles in their hands and exploited every land in the world where they landed their footsteps. Every part was suffering from colonialism. The land in the world is limited thus with time there started conflicts within European nations over the ownership of colonial lands. France and Britain both have a history long of enmity and with the rise of new power Germany struggled for the market which disrupted the separation of power in Europe and made the world fall into war.
America could not remain away from Europeans, Britain and France were major nations. As France lost a seven-year-long war with Britain and was searching to weaken Britain and the land was America. With the help of France, the American people got independence in 1783. After its independence, the Europeans continued to make colonies in nearby lands, thus The USA was against this and for the first time, The USA declared the Monroe Doctrine in 1823.
Monroe Doctrine is taken as the first foreign policy issued by the president of the USA, James Monroe, which the United States would consider any attempt by European powers to colonize or interfere in the affairs of the newly independent countries in the Americas as a hostile act and America will take it as the threat to its National Security. This established The USA as a dominant power in the Northern hemisphere. And also the protector of the democracy and freedom of the newly born nations.
The United Kingdom was taken as the queen of all land because of its military powers, and the newly born power Germany to counter it took itself as the Master of all land in this debate America remain aloof and adopted the policy of isolation. As both queen and master faced a world war and suffered economically where The USA tried to remain neutral was selling weapons and gaining huge economic profits.
As the Queen was about to fall, Britain call for assistance from the USA and signed Atlantic Charter to frame the world order. This was the first time in history which gave The USA made efforts to shape the world order. And the result of the world war in the favour of The USA made The USA become a major superpower country to represent itself as the protector of the world holding atomic power. The USA which was the victim of colonialism spoke against it and implemented the Atlantic charter de-colonialism after the establishment of The UN. The headquarter in The USA reflects the dominance of The USA in the world order.
The role of The USA in rebuilding the world was devasted by the World wars gave a military base established in those countries. In the present day, there are more than 750 military bases around the globe which facilitates quicker retaliation in case of a threat.
After the World War, The USSR has been adopting the communist system of Governance only the counterpart of The USA published a Trueman Doctrine in 1947 to contain The USSR and support the democratic countries. This made the USA stand as the leader of the democratic countries. This policy helped the newly emerging countries and small states in the Balkan region to adopt democracy and get assistance from the west: which was the dominating factor in mobilising the funds of the world bank and IMF. The Queen and Master had to struggle in rebuilding their infrastructures and economy where newly raised power was busy shaping the world order.
The Petrodollar agreement in which the nations have to buy oils in dollars and The USA will provide military security paved the avenue for the dollar to be accepted as the world currency, in the 1970s.
In 1990, the disintegration of The USSR changed the world order under mono-polarity. The USA declared that the era of enmity has ended and the world would move forward to Globalisation. And there issued a Clinton doctrine, 1993 which emphasises that The USA will promote human rights, democracy and economic development and uses the military as the last resort.
In 2001, on September 11, a terrorist attack on the world trade centre forced The USA to change its foreign policy more aggressively known as the Bush Doctrine which emphasises the right to use the Military as a defence against any perceived threats. There is a famous quote by president BUsh after the 9/11 attack " Either you are with us or against us".
In the present day, The dominance of The USA over the major international organisations, economic institutions, the status of the dollar and military bases around the world make it a superpower. And the long history of its struggle for the promotion of human rights, democratic norms and values and economic development presents it as the leader of the world.
With the emergence of China as a major economic bloc of the world the seen present alliances between BRICS nations, and the de-dollarization process may be seen towards the legacy of The USA but the world must know that the fall of will drag everyone down. Therefore, co-operation and collaboration is inevitable in the international arena.
