the basics of chords
The first thing to understand that pretty much every chord will have some extension. (ex. 7, add9, dim7, 9) the second thing is that most chord extensions don't really change the function of the chord, for example Cm9, Cmadd9, and Cm7 sound slightly different but changing them out for one another in a chord progression would not change the way the chord feels or the emotion of the progression. Another thing to understand is how to use accidentals to add depth and character to certain chords. For example in order to make a sus chord you replace the third on a triad with a perfect fourth, and in a sus9 you replace the 3rd with a major 2nd.
making progressions
Jazz progressions are usually 16-32 bars long, But a lot of this is the same progression repeated with minor changes. For example, one of the progressions in Duke Ellington's "In A Sentimental Mood" look like this...
Dm Dm(maj7) Dm7 Dm6 Gm Gm(maj7) Gm7 Em7 Em7(b5) A7alt
Dm7 D7 Gm7 C7 Fmaj7 Em7(b5) A7alt
Dm Dm(maj7) Dm7 Dm6 Gm Gm(maj7) Gm7 Em7 Em7(b5) A7alt
Dm7 d7 gm7 c7 Fmaj7 Ab7
Dbmaj7 Bbm7 Ebm7 Ab7 Dbmaj7 Bbm7 Ebm7 Ab7
Dbmaj Bbm7 Ebm7 Ab7 Gm7 Em7(b5) A7alt
Dm Dm(maj7) Dm7 Dm6 Gm Gm(maj7) Gm7 Em7(b5) A7alt
Dm7 D7 Gm7 C7 Fmaj7 Em7(b5) Em7(b5) A7alt.
It keeps going but you get the point. You can see that it is mostly repeating itself with small variations.
the best way to learn to write jazz it by practicing transcribing other songs and just writing. Personally I recommend starting out on a piano or keyboard if you have access to one because it is pretty much just a list of all the notes and it helps a lot when you are starting out to play the chords instead of just making chords in a piano roll. It also makes me kinda say that so many people have pianos in their house and they never play them.
I have attached a few sites to learn better and more extensively because this is just the very basics and I can't write a everything here.
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