Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin declared that the blockchain has solved the trilemma through a combination of ZK-EVMs reaching production-grade performance and PeerDAS running live on mainnet.

Vitalik Buterin says Ethereum now achieves bandwidth, consensus, and decentralization.

ZK-EVMs reach production grade, with mainnet adoption starting in 2026.

PeerDAS live on Ethereum removes historical bandwidth constraints.

The technological developments position Ethereum as a network combining high bandwidth, consensus, and decentralization. These were three qualities previously considered impossible to achieve simultaneously.

Buterin expects higher non-ZK-EVM gas limits and the emergence of ZK-EVM nodes starting in 2026. ZK-EVMs will become the primary block validation method between 2027 and 2030, while distributed block building remains a long-term goal to reduce centralization risk and improve geographic fairness.

“These are not minor improvements; they are shifting Ethereum into being a fundamentally new and more powerful kind of decentralized network,” Buterin wrote on X.