The white paper titled "China’s Position on Some Issues Concerning China-US Economic and Trade Relations" offers a comprehensive narrative on the state of economic ties between China and the United States, emphasizing mutual benefits, challenges, and pathways for cooperation. Published by the State Council Information Office of China in April 2025, it serves as a white paper to clarify China's stance amid ongoing trade tensions.
China underscores the significance of its trade relationship with the US, highlighting that bilateral trade has grown exponentially since diplomatic relations were established in 1979, from $2.5 billion to $688.3 billion by 2024. This partnership has brought substantial benefits to both nations, fostering economic growth and improving the livelihoods of their citizens. However, recent years have seen increasing friction due to unilateralism and protectionist policies from the US, including tariffs on over $500 billion worth of Chinese goods and restrictive measures targeting Chinese enterprises. These actions, according to China, disrupt global supply chains and undermine free trade principles.
The document details China's commitment to honoring the Phase One Economic and Trade Agreement signed in January 2020, despite challenges such as the pandemic and global economic disruptions. China asserts that it has upheld its obligations, strengthening intellectual property protections, prohibiting forced technology transfers, expanding imports of US agricultural products, and opening its financial markets to American institutions. In contrast, it criticizes the US for failing to fulfill its commitments under the agreement, citing examples such as export controls on semiconductors and discriminatory trade practices.
China positions itself as a staunch advocate of free trade and compliance with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. Since joining the WTO in 2001, it claims to have made significant strides in reducing tariffs, aligning domestic policies with international standards, and providing subsidies within reasonable bounds. The document rebukes US actions like Section 301 tariffs and Section 232 investigations as violations of WTO principles, labeling them as unilateral measures that harm global trade stability.
A major theme is China's opposition to US protectionism and its call for equal-footed dialogue to resolve disputes. The paper argues that cooperation between the two largest economies is essential not only for their mutual benefit but also for global economic stability. It highlights how collaborative efforts can address technological advancements like artificial intelligence and energy transitions while fostering sustainable development.
China appeals for constructive engagement with the US based on mutual respect and win-win principles. It warns against the damaging effects of confrontation and protectionism, advocating instead for dialogue to ensure healthy bilateral relations that align with global expectations for peace and prosperity.
