Typica
The Typica variety is thought to derive from the first coffees brought to Yemen and India by Arabian traders between the 12th and 15th centuries. Hoping to undercut the Arabian monopoly on the coffee trade, in 1616, a merchant of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) named Pieter van den Broecke smuggled live arabica bushes from Mocha, Yemen to the Indonesian Island of Java. Progeny of this line were later returned to Amsterdam in 1706, where not long after following the Peace of Utrecht in 1715, a coffee tree was gifted to King Louis XIV of France. This tree would come to be known as "The Noble Tree" as the varieties that would come to dominate production across Latin America owe their lineage to this single specimen. First reaching Brazil via French Guiana in 1727, Typica spread across South and Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean alike. Though widespread until 1940, it has increasingly been replaced with disease-resistant Bourbon varieties. Today the current cultivation of Typica is restricted to Peru, the Dominican Republic, and Jamaica, where it is known as Jamaica Blue Mountain.
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