In his essay "Why I Am Not a Conservative," F.A. Hayek distinguishes between conservatives and classical liberals. He argues that conservatives fear change and distrust the new, relying on a higher authority to oversee change. In contrast, classical liberals like Hayek are open to change and adaptation without apprehension.

Hayek's essay seems relevant today, as conservative populism with an illiberal streak has emerged in the US and parts of Europe. Jordan Peterson, who embodies many conservative traits, has gained popularity by opposing progressive politics and promoting what he calls "classical liberalism."

However, Peterson's understanding of classical liberalism differs from its historical roots. Classical liberalism encompasses a broad intellectual landscape but generally revolves around ideas about human nature and society. Peterson's views, such as advocating for hierarchy and strict rules, contradict the core tenets of classical liberalism. He emphasizes individualism and views society as a collection of self-interested individuals, while classical liberals envision a harmonious society where individuals benefit from meeting the needs of others.

Peterson's opposition to "new ideas" and his criticism of gender fluidity align with conservative viewpoints, whereas liberals like Deirdre McCloskey argue that liberalizing ideas about gender and sexuality are signs of success in a liberal order.

Peterson's misrepresentations and labeling his conservative beliefs as "classically liberal" align with Hayek's observation that conservatism lacks distinct principles to counter new ideas. Peterson's concerns about chaos and his emphasis on imposing order contradict the liberal tradition of embracing spontaneous order that emerges from free individuals associating voluntarily. While Peterson argues that order derives from evolutionary advantages, liberals believe in unplanned order and the capacity for progress through innovation and exchanging ideas.

Ultimately, Peterson's defense of established norms and hierarchies aligns him more with conservatism than classical liberalism. He uses myths and legends to obscure his conservative defense of predominant ideas. In summary, Peterson's worldview is conservative rather than classical liberal.

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