In a recent interview, Francis Fukuyama discussed the state of the world after two and a half years of the Covid-19 pandemic. He noted that the pandemic had had less impact than expected, with the war in Ukraine having longer-lasting effects and more drastic consequences. When asked about the performance of democracies and dictatorships during the pandemic, Fukuyama explained that both systems faced challenges, and there is no general answer to which fared better.

Fukuyama emphasized the importance of a sound health system and political leadership that listens to experts in managing the pandemic. Trust between the government and citizens was crucial. Still, he pointed out that such trust is not universal, as seen in opposition to mask-wearing and vaccine skepticism in some Republican-led states in the US.

The conversation then turned to Fukuyama's new book, "Liberalism and Its Discontents," which explores the rise of populism and nationalism worldwide. He highlighted the rejection of immigration and hostility towards liberalism as standard features among these movements. The interview further touched upon the polarization and erosion of trust in democratic societies fueled by identity politics and misinformation on the internet.

Regarding the recent surge of anti-liberal forces, Fukuyama attributed it to the negative consequences of globalization, which created a rift between the working class and the better-educated in wealthy nations. He noted that cognitive abilities have become more important than physical strength, leading to women playing a more prominent role in the workforce. However, this shift has also triggered resistance from those who feel threatened by changing gender roles.

Fukuyama argued that the current populist backlash represents a rebellion by the patriarchy to resist its decline. He highlighted the formation of anti-democratic alliances and the rejection of freedom and democracy among some nations. He also discussed how neo-liberal economic policies and the development of identity politics have contributed to the crisis of liberal democracy.

The interview concluded with Fukuyama emphasizing the importance of re-liberalizing the economic system away from neo-liberalism while recognizing the need for democracy to build a legitimate redistribution system. He mentioned the social market economy model in continental Europe as an example. Additionally, the discussion touched upon the challenges posed by China's assertiveness and its rejection of universal values and rights. Fukuyama emphasized the need to promote and fight for the proliferation of institutions that guarantee fundamental rights.

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