This research has been made by me and cannot be shared anywhere without reference. Permissions of all the quotations in this article have been obtained and the images used are suitable for re-licensing. I will share parts of this holistic and in-depth research over time. I hope that it will attract your attention and read with pleasure.
ABSTRACT
As technologically and technically important developments affect the practice of daily life; it also affects the forms of production of the culture and building blocks of its own reflection, which people have produced in a total collectivity. From society to society, people are produced by historical and people and societies have their own people and their environment; one of the most important dynamics of culture is art, which means to characterize the functioning of life and the generations to live in the same geography in the future. The Industrial Revolution, which we can describe as the emergence of the dominance of human and animal labor in the production relations of the machines and other important inventions that emerged in England in the 18th century and spread rapidly to Europe, steam-powered machines, and transformational effects in the structure of artistic production It has created. While the globalizing world with this process that deeply influenced the practice of life has radically changed the way of life of the modern man, the increase in the population with the increase in the life standards -for the first time in the history of the World- has been realized simultaneously. As a result of this process, the Industrial Revolution, which offers qualitative tools that the human can easily access and consume with the same comfort, has also caused new problems in human life. In the light of historical and sociological data, this study aims to examine the differences between the relations of production and the artwork and the concept of art after the Industrial Revolution.
SECTION ONE
In the Introduction of E. H. Gombrich's “The Story of Art” there is actually no such thing as “Art”. There are only artists. Once upon a time these men would have drawn roughly bison pictures on the wall of a cave with colored soil; today some buy paint and paint the walls or wooden curtains. And they produce many other things ”(Gombrich, 1997: 18).
The ever-evolving and changing world has freed the man, who has to live socially and collectively to survive, to determine his own forms of communication. Art on a large scale; of culture; It is a way of communicating with a similar or different culture. Culture, which has to communicate in order to survive - just like the human being its creator - uses art, one of its forms of communication, in order to realize its expression. Therefore, there is an unbreakable link between art and human. One of the strongest points of art is undoubtedly life in all its diversity. The creation of artistic images is based on the artist's knowledge of life. Art meets the aesthetic needs of people and plays an emotional and educational role (Hançerlioğlu, 1993: 342).
On the dialectical level, the industrial revolution; The shifting structure-superstructure relationship has resulted in the collapse of the hierarchical form of society that has been going on for centuries due to the changing center of gravity in society, and instead came the ideals of equality expressed in various ways. In order to satisfy the need for art, instead of giving up his need, he had to satisfy his need by transforming it, as in every important breaking point in the historical process, in his life that he bases his formal and methodical hegemony in the relations of production into mechanization to a great extent. Art and artists have undergone this transformation and have been greatly influenced. The task of expressing the culture passed from the artists / architects of the Renaissance days to the engineers and designers. With the Renaissance, the artist ceased to be anonymous and gained his name; began to harmonize their affairs with politics and bureaucratic management.
However, the systematization of feelings, thoughts, and the problematic to be conveyed, and the reproducibility of the artwork caused different problems. The concept of uniqueness, one of the most fundamental features of the artwork, was endangered. As the production capacity increases, the duration of the production decreases; The need for talent in the work of art began to gradually withdraw from the productive stages and be stuck in the only intellectual creation process of the work of art. In the age when the work of art can be reproduced technically, it is the special atmosphere of the work that loses its power. The production technique pulls the reproduced from the domain of tradition (Benjamin, 1993: 55).
