Business Applications for Mobile IP and Security Risks
By
Shelley M. Latreille
This is a paper that I wrote for my Wireless Networking Class. It features eleven mobile apps that fictional company, APS, should use to expand their growing delivery business. The paper also talks about mobile app security risks and how to avoid them.
American Package Service (APS) is a package delivery firm that is expanding its services nationwide. This expansion will require upgrades to their mobility needs, along with in-depth planning. They also must invest in more adequate communication applications, along with implementing appropriate security measures. APS must upgrade their Accounting, Human Resources, Payroll, Marketing, Social Media, Help Desk, Telephone, Project Management, Storage, and Delivery functions with regards to communication and mobility in their home office, regional offices, and in the field. These functions must be upgraded so that communication and mobility will be improved for managers, employees, customers, vendors, and anyone else associated with APS. There are eleven mobile apps that will be useful to APS. These apps include BambooHR, TSheets, NetSuite OneWorld, HubSpot, HootSuite, HappyFox, Asana, DocuSign, Google Drive, WebEx, and RingCentral.
BambooHR will be useful for the home office, regional offices, and in the field. Managing human resources and payroll functions is very important. BambooHR allows Human Resources Professionals to perform essential job duties from an app on a mobile device. This will enhance communication and mobility between managers and employees by ensuring HR (Human Resources) and Payroll data are continuously up-to-date, accurate, and easily accessible (Martinez, 2017). BambooHR is HR management software that has a variety of features and functionality, a user-friendly interface, 24/7 support, built-in templates, mobile apps, security features, and it will sync with Google and Outlook. It can be integrated with HR tech vendors and other software providers. This software will assist an HR professional with applicant tracking, tracking of open and closed positions, benefits administration, employee onboarding, recording and maintaining employee data, HR reporting, job descriptions, time-off tracking, performance reviews, and performance management (Horowitz & Sevilla, 2019).
BambooHR also has an add-on called Bamboo Payroll. Bamboo Payroll integrates with BambooHR’s database and includes mobile support and a time-tracking application. BambooHR uses role-based access, which means that system administrators and managers can do and see more than regular employees. Role-based access allows the permission settings to be changed for a user, which means permissions can be added or taken away. If information needs to be deleted, BambooHR will check to ensure that the person taking this action is human by asking the user to type “DELETE.” BambooHR provides employees with self-service access and real-time data updates, where they can request time off, access forms and information, access reports, request time off, view vacation balances, view their information, view employee and company directories, and send emails. It has a mobile app for iOS and Android users (Horowitz & Sevilla, 2019).
TSheets will be useful for the home office, regional offices, and in the field. Managers and employees can use this program’s mobile app to clock-in, clock-out, and track time. These functions can be performed even if their smartphone is in an area that doesn’t have cell phone service or Wi-Fi (Martinez, 2017). TSheets records and provides employees’ time entry data, for clock-ins, clock-outs, breaks, and lunches. It has customizable fields for advanced tracking, geofencing, customized reporting, the ability for employees to call to clock-in, and a "Who's Working" window, along with the ability to measure time, production, and other billable items. Administrators have the option to assign shifts and delegate tasks to employees. TSheets displays employees who are currently working, along with a map of where they are signed in. The map uses GPS and geofencing from the mobile app, which is available for iOS and Android users. Employees using laptops and desktop PCs can be tracked via their IP addresses. If an employee’s GPS drops off, an employee’s manager can clock that employee out (Martinez & Horowitz, 2019b).
There are four permission levels, which are Administrator, Payroll Manager, Custom, and Employee. There are nine permission levels under Employee, which include mobile time entry, manage time sheets for all employees, manage jobs, and manage other user accounts. Custom rules can be added for each employee, such as Overtime, PTO (Paid Time Off) Codes, Mobile Options, and more, along with custom restrictions. Time sheets can be approved and rejected by the Payroll Manager and / or an employee’s manager. IP addresses can limit the locations where employees work. The “Scheduled vs. Worked Report” will compare hours worked for a pay period. TSheets provides advanced tracking methods for quantities so that work can be done and measured outside of normal worktimes. Customizable fields can be used as prompts during clock-out, such as asking employees how many miles they drove, how many packages they delivered, or if there was an incident during the workday. These fields are pulled into reports so that an understanding can be gained of how work is being done, how productive employees are, and any other workplace data that is needed. TSheets can require a photo before an employee can clock in or out. Reminders can be sent to employees with regards to clocking in or out, along with any changes to shifts (Martinez & Horowitz, 2019b).
NetSuite OneWorld will be useful for the home office, regional office, and in the field. It has a completely scalable ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system. It also has a CRM (Customer Relationship Management) system. The mobile app, which is available for iOS and Android users, can be used to manage expense reports, purchase orders, business dashboards, security records, and all other accounting data. The entire business could be managed from the app (Martinez, 2017). NetSuite is a scalable, financials cloud-based system, that can be expanded to meet business needs. It has drilldown view options, reporting, custom process workflows, hierarchical dashboards, inventory management, and extensive planning and forecasting tools. NetSuite provides data on financial health through its general ledger accounting platform. It is SaaS (Software as a Service) software, which means that the version being used will always be the most current. The vendor controls the codebase, which means updates and bug fixes happen automatically in the background. This provides users with a safe environment for new technologies and features (Marvin & Needleman, 2018).
There are several ERP options, including Project Management, and Sales Force Automation. Its other features include Supply Chain Management, CRM, HR Management, Inventory, Demand Planning, Materials Resource Planning, Complex Fixed Asset Acquisition, Depreciation, Asset Disposal, Retail Sales, and E-commerce. It has a document management system, where images of assets, inventory, Bills of Sale, and other documentation can be stored. The Inventory module shows KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) and provides inventory status. NetSuite will track costing methods, assign costs to items or groups, and keep track of all material costs incurred when placing an item into inventory. Work-in-process can be tracked. Inventory can be moved between warehouses. Drop-shipping can be done from another vendor’s warehouse. It has a PoS (Point of Sale) system, bin tracking for pick lists, a bar coding system, shop floor management, labor cost tracking, and project management functions (Marvin & Needleman, 2018).
HubSpot will be useful for the home office, regional offices, and in the field. HubSpot is a marketing automation tool. Its mobile app, which is available for iOS and Android users, allows users to manage contacts between marketing, sales, and service teams. Leads can be monitored as they move through the funnel. Communicating with other teams is easy to do. Campaign metrics can be evaluated to determine if changes must be made (Martinez, 2017). Along with marketing automation, HubSpot can create email marketing campaigns and manage social media. It can be integrated into a CRM System, it has a service desk, and it integrates with social media tools. HubSpot has email templates and can manage contacts. HubSpot provides access to contacts (up to 10,000), email marketing, analytics, full marketing automation, custom workflows, a lead generator, A/B testing services, revenue reporting, custom event automation triggers, and campaign reporting. HubSpot's Sales and CRM tools will move contact data into the sales and service funnel. Marketing automation workflows can be created through templates and a custom builder. Each template can be edited to fit workflow requirements (Martinez & Horowitz, 2019a).
HootSuite will be useful to the home office, regional offices, and in the field. Its mobile app, which is available for iOS and Android users, has a full set of social media management features, along with analytics tools. HootSuite can provide complete monitoring, influencer identification, and publishing (Martinez, 2017). It allows social media to be closely monitored for user feedback, questions, or concerns. The mobile app allows social media accounts to be monitored, including posts, feeds, mentions, tweets, retweets, updates, and news feeds. Content can be posted directly from the app. (Paley, 2015). Its internal tracking and messaging features support business growth. Posts can be scheduled for multiple accounts and clients. HootSuite can make automatic posts, provide performance metrics, and provide data analysis. It can include up to 50 social profiles, up to three users, custom analytic views, team functionality, branded URLs, social campaign certifications, customizations, and much more (Marvin, Behr, & Sevilla, 2019).
HootSuite can be used with Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, WordPress blogs, Instagram, YouTube, and other social media platforms. Mentions, posts, and tweet streams can be created. HootSuite can pull in a user's social data instantly and populate streams, which can be customized by network, keywords, or specific social searches. It has video-first support for Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube. HootSuite allows users to review activity, compose messages, create and publish posts, attach photos to posts, and access a post queue. Access is provided to a help desk, content library, workflow information, and social media tools, such as listening, influencer identification, engagement, publishing, analytics, and curation tools. Content can be pulled in from various sources, such as Box, Dropbox, Google Drive, and Microsoft OneDrive. HootSuite can measure and track competing brands and companies on various social media performance metrics, while providing real-time comparative business intelligence (Marvin, Behr, & Sevilla, 2019).
HappyFox will be useful to the home office, regional offices, and in the field. It is help desk software that can provide remote customer service. Customers typically have questions during business hours and outside of those hours. It's very important for customer service representatives to be available to answer calls from customers. HappyFox has a mobile app, which is available for iOS and Android users. Using the app, customer service representatives can answer calls, search for customer information, and resolve tickets (Martinez, 2017). HappyFox’s help desk software includes ticket, asset, and email management functions. There are custom settings for email addresses and SMTP server details. It can differentiate between requests for technical support, sales, or general inquiries. Ticket handling can be customized within each category, which includes how an employee's time was spent and whether an email from a customer will reopen a completed ticket. Email traffic from designated email addresses can be converted into tickets and then categorized based on the targeted email address. When an email converts into a ticket, it is automatically assigned a status. HappyFox can integrate with social media (Ferrill, 2019).
HappyFox can set priorities, categories, and assignments, along with tracking status changes. It allows the correct work to be assigned to the most appropriate team or individuals, which evenly divides the workload. Tickets can be grouped by priority, assignee, due date, or status. The system provides real-time ticket notifications. SLA (Service Level Agreement) management functions are included. SLA management starts with an objective, which includes a target percentage. Conditions are used to identify which tickets should be evaluated against the SLA. The SLA can send a notification when it is breached. SLAs can be paired to work schedules so that times can be calculated using hours or days. HappyFox can automatically trigger a response to a customer as well as ticket updates without making the employee perform the tasks manually. A branded knowledge base is included. Customers can find answers to frequent questions without creating a ticket. HappyFox can segregate internal and external knowledge bases, which helps to maintain IP and other security concerns. HappyFox can monitor staff performance, the type of tickets being reported, and which customers have increased their support needs (Ferrill, 2019).
Asana will be useful for the home office, regional offices, and in the field. Asana is project management software. It has a mobile app, which is available to iOS and Android users. The app keeps teams and individuals organized and productive. The app can be used to assign tasks and create projects with due dates, subtasks, and notifications (Paley, 2015). Asana is a task management, project management, and collaboration tool that assists with productivity. Teams of any size can use the task management feature. Its tools include task assignment, workload management, and app integrations. Unlimited numbers of tasks can be created, along with adding unlimited numbers of file attachments to those tasks. Asana also has a timeline viewer, custom dashboards, custom fields, forms, milestones, automated workflows, proofing tools, and an admin control panel. Asana can integrate with Adobe Creative Cloud. It can be used for keeping track of ongoing work and long-term projects. It can coordinate teams and individuals. Asana distributes workloads so that everyone has a balanced workload and it can keep track of work in progress (Graw, 2019).
DocuSign will be useful to the home office, regional offices, and in the field. DocuSign will allow documents to be signed anywhere 24/7. It has a mobile app that is available for iOS and Android users. The app will accept any scanned document and allows digital signatures to be applied to contracts, receipts, package delivery confirmations, and other content directly from a smartphone. Signed documents can be sent electronically via the app to the office (Paley, 2015). It is a mobile electronic signature application system that can be used to send, sign, and approve documents, materials, and transactions. Any device can be used anywhere at any time. It is the standard for electronic signatures in the business world. DocuSign makes workflow and approval much faster. It has fully secured digital signature technology. No time is spent waiting for a paper contract (Andre, 2019).
DocuSign increases productivity and targets are achieved faster as approvals of workflow and other processes are fast-tracked without compromising data security. It adheres to comprehensive policies and security certifications. DocuSign assists with organizing and storing documents by reducing the amount of physical paperwork. It can automate entire workflows and allows for business to be conducted securely from anywhere. This saves time and money while improving customer experience. Transactions are paperless, which helps businesses to become digital and secure. High-level security is used, and it adheres to tight data protection protocols. All information processed within the system is safe. Users can prepare documents, gather signatures, and have customers sign in person using a smartphone or tablet. DocuSign helps users assemble documents, secure data, and validate signers (Andre, 2019).
Google Drive will be useful in the home office, regional offices, and in the field. It stores various types of files in the Cloud, which include photos, designs, charts, documents, recordings, videos, and much more. Files can be accessed anywhere, including on its mobile app, which is available for iOS and Android users. Employees and managers can share files. They can allow others to access their drives or only access certain files, depending on the permission and access levels each person sets on their drive. Files can be viewed, downloaded, and edited, which makes collaboration and teamwork easy and efficient (Paley, 2015). It is also an office suite. It will automatically sync data with mobile devices and computers when they are connected to the Internet. Every device linked to an account will receive all updates and changes that are made to anything stored in that account’s drive. Storage capacity is anywhere from 15 GB to 30 TB. Google Drive will monitor changes every 30 days, which allows users to go back and undo or redo any changes that were made during that 30-day time period. If users need to find files on their drive, Google search is used. It has image recognition and OCR (Optical Character Recognition) capabilities. Google Drive helps enhance collaboration and improve internal communications. It comes with several tools such as Google Calendar, Hangouts, and more. Google Drive makes it easy to manage contacts and helps with business needs. It works well with third-party business apps (Chang, 2019).
WebEx will be useful in the home office, regional offices, and in the field. From the mobile app, which is available for iOS and Android users, meetings can be hosted and attended. Events can be organized. Contact can be maintained with anyone at any time. Files, messages, and videos can all be shared. All activity is synced and stored across all devices. (Paley, 2015). It is a video conferencing service that has minimal voice and video lag. It can support 25 simultaneous video feeds and it has a variety of collaboration solutions. Services can be added based on business needs. Other features include training, support centers, webinars, toll dial-in numbers with coverage in 45 countries, and the meeting has the option to call attendees when the meeting begins. WebEx allows up to 1,000 meeting attendees per month. It includes video conferencing with up to 25 video feeds, application and screen sharing, meeting recording (audio, video, and content), and the ability to share the presenter role. WebEx audio VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), toll numbers, or another teleconference service can be used for audio connections. Meeting hosts can protect meetings with a password. Meetings can be joined from a smartphone. Plug-ins can be downloaded so that meetings can be scheduled from a Microsoft Outlook account. The WebEx Universal Toolkit allows users to create multimedia slideshows for meetings, including Flash animations (McLaughlin & Brame, 2019).
RingCentral will be useful in the home office, regional office, and in the field. It is conference software that has a mobile app, which is available for iOS and Android users. The mobile app allows a smartphone to make and receive calls, send and receive faxes and texts, set up and join conference calls, and configure phone system settings, notifications, and voicemail (Martinez, 2017). RingCentral has VoIP and business communication capabilities. RingCentral includes AI (Artificial Intelligence) integration, mobile VoIP, faxing, video conferencing, chat, and custom application integration. It has PBX (Private Branch Exchange) administration functions, mobile app use on Android and iOS, and unlimited calling. It includes 1,000 toll-free minutes, unlimited conference calling, fax capabilities, business SMS, MMS, and mobile and desktop unified messaging apps with HD video conferencing (Rash & Ferrill, 2019).
RingCentral can integrate with Microsoft Office. It has call logging, team collaboration, video conferencing, and Glip team messaging and collaboration in a single app. Glip can integrate with Dropbox Business, Google Drive, and Microsoft One Drive for Business. It has a multi-level auto-attendant, inbound caller ID, call recording, and identity management capabilities, such as SSO (Single Sign-On) and Microsoft Active Directory or Google directory integration. Preconfigured desk phones can be purchased or rented to use with the service. RingCentral has simple and detailed call logs and customized reporting functions. The reporting tools offer at-a-glance figures and graphs that will display phone system activity. RingCentral Engage allows users to go from one platform to another. RingCentral Engage provides a single interface for users to manage customer interactions. When other employees need to be inserted into a conversation to solve a customer’s problem, RingCentral Engage can help. Other employees can join the call through Apple Business Chat, SMS, in-app messaging tools, or web chat (Rash & Ferrill, 2019).
All the data contained within the programs above must be protected, whether employees and customers are using the desktop versions or the mobile app versions. When mobile apps are not protected, they will become vulnerable to security threats. Mobile app security can help a business to maintain and improve its business reputation. If proper security is not provided to mobile apps, business data can be stolen, manipulated, cloned, and subjected to viruses and malware. If business data is stolen, it can be given to competitors or someone could use the data to start a rival company. Some of the biggest security threats to mobile apps are weak server side controls, lack of binary protections, insecure data storage, insufficient Transport Layer protection, unintended data leaks, poor authorization and authentication, broken cryptography, client side injection, security decisions made through untrusted inputs, and improper session handling (Sales, 2018).
Server-side controls cannot be weak. Communication between the app and the user occurs through a server, which hackers can manipulate. This security risk can occur when a business fails to take precautions or use testing tools. Apps can be automatically scanned for vulnerabilities using a scanning tool. A business can consult with cybersecurity experts or hire an in-house expert. Another reason for this security risk is the lack of security knowledge in a new language. Vulnerabilities can also occur due to cross-platform development and compilation. Small security budgets can also cause a business to overlook this security risk (Sales, 2018).
Binary protections must be put into place. A hacker can reverse engineer an app’s code and inject malware or redistribute the illegally copied app with malware and / or a virus. This could result in confidential data theft, brand and trust damage, fraud, revenue loss, and much more. Binary hardening techniques should be used. Binary hardening will analyze and protect the binary files against common security threats. This will fix the vulnerabilities inside the legacy code without needing the source code. Secure coding techniques should always be followed for jailbreak detection controls, checksum controls, certificate pinning controls, and debugger detection controls (Sales, 2018).
All data stored inside an app and /or accessed by an app should be secure. Additional layers of encryption should be built over the base level encryption that is provided by the operating system. This will help to secure the mobile app and will reduce the dependency on the default encryption. Client storage should never be depended upon for data storage because it is not a sandbox environment. Security breaches are possible, especially if the mobile device that houses the app is lost or stolen. In a case such as this, data could be accessed, manipulated, or used by a hacker or another malevolent entity. Data theft can cause identity theft, reputation damage, and / or external policy violations (Sales, 2018).
The Transport Layer should always be protected. It is the route that the data uses to transfer from the client to the server and vice versa. A hacker with access to the Transport Layer can modify and / or steal data. This could result in fraud, identify theft, or much worse. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) can be used to encrypt communication so that this security risk can be avoided. Industry standard cipher suites with appropriate key lengths should be used. SSL chain verification should be required. Users should be informed when the mobile app finds an invalid certificate. Sensitive data, such as passwords, should never be sent through alternate channels, such as SMS, MMS, or notifications (Sales, 2018).
Data leaks should be avoided. Sensitive app data should never be stored in insecure locations within the app or mobile device. Sensitive data should never be stored in a location on the device that is easily accessible by other apps or users. When sensitive data is unprotected, it could result in a breach of user privacy, which could lead to unauthorized data use. Unauthorized data leaks are caused by issues, such as operating system bugs and negligence of security in the app’s framework. Unintended data leaks can be prevented through monitoring common leak points, such as caching, logging, application backgrounding, HTML5 data storage, and browser cookie objects (Sales, 2018).
Proper authorization and authentication are very important. Poor or missing authentication can permit a hacker to anonymously operate the app or its backend server. This can be caused by a mobile app or device’s input form factor. Typically, the form factor is short passwords that are based on 4-digit pins. Mobile Internet connections aren’t as reliable as traditional web connections. This may cause mobile apps to require offline authentication so that they can maintain their uptime. An offline authentication requirement can cause loopholes in app security. A hacker may be able to brute force log into the app through the security logins in the offline mode. In the offline mode, apps are unable to differentiate between users. This can permit users with low permissions to execute actions that only admins or super users can perform. Logins should only be allowed in the online mode so that sensitive information will remain protected. App data can also be encrypted if a business needs to implement offline authentication (Sales, 2018).
Broken cryptography can be caused by bad encryption or incorrect implementation. This can cause a hacker to decrypt sensitive data back to its original form and manipulate and / or steal it. Broken cryptography can be caused by a dependence upon a built-in encryption process, use of custom encryption protocols, and use of insecure algorithms. Poor key management, such as storing keys in easily accessible locations or avoiding hard coding keys within the binary can also allow hackers to access sensitive data. Superior encryption protocols should be used, along with an appropriate implementation process, which will assist with properly performing the encryption process (Sales, 2018).
Client-side injection occurs when malicious code is executed on the client side of the mobile device through the mobile app. A hacker can input malicious code into an app through several different methods. The frameworks that support the app will process the malicious code the same way as it does all the other non-malicious data. When processing occurs, the malicious code is read as executable code. The malicious code can run using the user’s access permissions or it can execute with privileged permissions. Client-side injection can also occur through binary attacks. To prevent these vulnerabilities, the input sources should be identified. Data that is supplied by the user should be subjected to input validation, which will prevent code injection. The app’s code should be checked in order to validate whether the app will handle data correctly. Code analysis tools can be used to trace the data flow through the application. When loopholes are discovered, they can be confirmed by penetration testers who can confirm the vulnerability (Sales, 2018).
Security decisions should not be made through untrusted inputs. Hidden fields, values, or functions to differentiate between higher and lower level users are used by app developers. A hacker could use these to capture the calls and manipulate these parameters. If these hidden functions are inadequately implemented, it can cause the app to behave inappropriately. This could cause higher level permissions to be given to a hacker. When hackers manipulate these weaknesses, the process is called hooking. Mobile apps communicate between clients and servers via an IPC (Inter Process Communication) mechanism. An IPC can be used to create a communication link between different apps, along with accepting data from different sources. This communication can be captured by a hacker, who can use it to steal information, introduce malware, or cause interference. Mobile apps and devices need to restrict access to only whitelisted applications. User interaction must be obtained before any sensitive actions are performed via the IPC entry points. In order to prevent driven attacks, input validation should be required. Sensitive information should never be passed through IPC mechanisms. If information is passed through IPC mechanisms third party applications may be able to read it (Sales, 2018).
Improper session handling should be avoided. This is caused when a previous session is continued for a long timeframe even after the user has closed the app. Businesses might want to enable longer session periods because it makes the app faster. This can be very bad if the mobile device is stolen because the user will be logged into a session. This would allow a hacker to take control over the app and steal and / or manipulate sensitive data. Both speed and privacy protection can be obtained through the practice of re-authentication. Re-authentication can be used for significant actions within the app, such as purchases or access to documents. This helps to avoid improper session handling and it allows users to have quick access to important items within the app without harming app security (Sales, 2018).
Communication and mobility will become even more important for APS as they continue to grow and expand. APS teams and individuals will need to be able to come together physically and virtually in order to stay continuously connected. The mobile apps for the above programs will allow everyone within the company to remain connected 24/7 so that everyone will we kept well-informed of company events and information. Customers will be able to remain in constant contact with APS. Managers will have access to Accounting, Human Resources, and Payroll data, which will help them to continue growing the company. Using marketing and social media apps, APS will be able to stay way ahead of their competition. If APS maintains the security of these apps and the data that the apps can access, APS will continue to succeed and their employees, customers, vendors, and anyone else they come into contact with will never feel isolated or neglected.
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