After the approval of the Comirnaty vaccine, produced by Pfizer-BioNTech, there is a strong hype behind the distribution of Moderna vaccine since this will be the second product that has received the recommendation for authorization for market by EMA (the agency responsible for the scientific evaluation, supervision and safety monitoring of medicines in the EU).
Let's see together some easy data about this important product and enjoy some science based on evidence!
MODERNA VACCINE is indicated for active immunization (prevention) against COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in people aged 18 and over.
It contains mRNA embedded in lipid nanoparticles. mRNA encodes the entire spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, expressed and bound to membrane, is recognized by the immune cells as a foreign antigen. 
Schematic illustration of mRNA engineering. 5’ UTR and 3’ UTR of mRNA are comprehensively modulated based on the analysis of endogenous genes and further de novo design in order to enrich protein production and express SARS-CoV-2 antigens as potential vaccines. credits https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.01.019877v1.full
This expression of a the spike viral protein, induces a response of both T cells and B cells that generate neutralizing antibodies, which can help protect against COVID-19. The mRNA transported does not enter the human cell nucleus nor does it interact with the genome; it is not replicating and its expression is transient.
Following the intramuscular injection, both the cells injection site and the draining lymph nodes absorb the lipid nanoparticles, managing to release within them the mRNA sequence for translation into viral protein.
The vaccination cycle includes two doses 28 days apart on the other.
Vaccinated individuals may not be fully protected for up to 14 days after receiving the second dose.
This is a bad news since at least 42 days are required before get an effective immunization.
Another critical aspect is related transportation of vials that should be stored frozen in a freezer at a temperature between -25 ° C and -15 ° C. It is not required the-70 ° C of Comirnaty vaccine, but this can be an issue for undeveloped countries or place were there is lack of infrastructures.
Vaccines that will be launched in the next months will be more easy for transportation and storage and with an enhanced immunity (provided from the first dose).
Did you have any concerns about Covid19 Vaccine or any question? Please left a comment below!
*The summary of product characteristics and the package leaflet (Annex 1) are available on the European Community website at the link https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community- register/2021/20210106150575/anx_150575_it.pdf
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