Ethiopian varieties
Ethiopian varieties are among the most rare and prized varieties in the world. These varieties are often referred to as "heirloom" varieties in reference to Ethiopia being the origin of all known arabica coffees. Varieties more commonly cultivated across the highlands of Ethiopia include Harrar, Yirgacheffe, Sidamo, Kaffa, and Jimma, however the estimated number of wild and regional cultivars extend well into the thousands. With most varieties of arabica being produced today being of the Typica or Bourbon lineage the overall genetic diversity that exists in the arabica species is relatively narrow. This not only prevents the arabica varieties from taking on new and exciting bodies and flavors, but also leaves the plant with less tools to adapt to changing climates as well as the spread of pests and disease. In this regard, Ethiopian coffee varieties represent a last bastion of genetic diversity. Organizations such as The Choche Field Genebank, an Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute project, have been working for over 30 year to conserve Ethiopian coffee varieties from the increasing threat of climate change and habitat loss.
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