Photo: https://pixabay.com/pl/photos/koloseum-rome-city-2030643/

As a great lover of Ancient Rome and antiquity in general, I want to show you the history of Rome. I think this topic is worth paying attention to, as the culture of ancient Rome covered a huge area of ​​the world and its influence is still visible today. I wish you a pleasant reading 😊 

(When developing the topic, I relied on two sources: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_rzymska and Géz Alfölda's book "The Social History of Ancient Rome." However, I did not use the "copy-paste" method of principles, but I put my knowledge into my own thoughts, so in my opinion the post is 100% original, developed by me).

               The historic date of the founding of Rome was considered 753 BC

               In the first period of its existence, Rome was a small settlement on the Tiber River. Initially, Rome was a monarchy ruled by seven kings. The last ruler of Rome was Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, whose tyrant rule was overthrown in 509 BC. The monarchy was overthrown, the republican system was introduced and the people came to power.

The period of the Roman republic was the time of the greatness of the state, but this greatness came slowly, and the inner life of the city was filled with social conflicts between plebeians and patricians.

Over time, however, the role of the city grew, the territory expanded, and in 264 BC almost the entire Apennine Peninsula came under the control of Rome.

By the end of the republic around the 1st century BC, Rome had become a gigantic empire. The territory of the Roman state grew out of a tiny settlement. At the end of the 1st century BC, the Apennines were under the control of Rome, but additionally Spain, Gaul, Macedonia, Greece, Asia Minor, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, as well as the northern coast of Africa (areas previously belonging to Carthage).

Photo  https://pixabay.com/pl/photos/belen-urodzi-bo%C5%BCe-narodz-1907208/

The system, inspired by Greek democracy, played a key role in the harmonious development of the state. Rome also had a huge army, modern, disciplined, which was simply unrivaled. Beautifully equipped and well-led Roman legions made it possible to conquer the city. Rome developed its unique culture, which was easily taken over by the conquered peoples (Romanization).

The Roman Republic seemed to be an ideal system. Unfortunately, the republican system, like any other, had many disadvantages, which in turn led to the collapse of the system and the creation of an empire.

• People's Assembly

Roman Forum: photo:  https://pixabay.com/pl/photos/forum-romanum-rzym-zabytek-historia-2693587/

           In the republic (res-publica), the power was exercised by the people, not by the king, as in the case of the monarchy.

The People's Assembly exercised the most important power in the Roman state. It was a meeting of all the inhabitants of the city, and eventually also the inhabitants of the whole country. In practice, however, few people living outside the city could afford to go to Rome for consultations. The extension of electoral rights was a noble but utopian move, as in practice the number of citizens' assemblies did not increase. Returning to the competences of the Seym, it is worth adding that it was organized on the model of Greek Seyms (i.e. in Athens-Ecclesia, Sparta-People's), but it differed significantly from them.

• Senate

Roman Senate: https: //pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senat_rzymski#/media/File: Maccari-Cicero.jpg

     The Senate, which included former officials, played a key role in political life. The term of office of senators was for life.

The tasks of the senate included foreign policy and finance. The Senate was a very prestigious Roman institution. Each official took into account the opinion and opinion of the senators. Senators filled the governors overseeing the provinces

• Officials

https://pixabay.com/pl/photos/rze%C5%BAba-staro%C5%BCytne-gr%C3%B3b-sprint-3516439/

     In addition to the senate and the assembly, officials who had legislative initiative were important ruling groups.

Consuls held the highest authority among officials. There were two of them, appointed for a year. During the war, they commanded an army. The consuls also called assemblies and the senate.

The judiciary in the Roman Republic belonged to the praetors . They took care to maintain order, honesty and morality in the city.

Another example of Roman officials was the Edel , who supervised the order in the city. They controlled the condition of the buildings and organized games.

Censors , who enjoyed great authority, played an important role in the republic. Censors compiled a list of citizens and senators. They supervised the lease of public revenues. They also dealt with public expenditure.

A special office in Rome was the office of the dictator , appointed in exceptional cases, e.g. in the event of terrible war disasters or the death of both consuls. He had full power but was appointed by the Senate for just six months.

A unique office in ancient Rome was the office of the people's tribune . The plebeian tribune played a special role because it defended the rights of the plebeians, that is, the impoverished part of society. He had the right to veto laws that were unfavorable to the presbytery ...

Photo:  https://pixabay.com/pl/photos/pomnik-rome-w%C5%82ochy-staro%C5%BCytne-231432/ 

Photo: https://pixabay.com/pl/photos/koloseum-staro%C5%BCytny-rzym-gladiatorzy-2800128/ 

Sources from which I wrote the post: 

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_rzymska 

Géza Alfölda "The Social History of Ancient Rome"

Photo: Pixabay.com