In every country, there are disparities in freedom among different groups. There are elites with high degrees of freedom and minorities with significantly lower degrees of freedom. A simple scale can be used to understand these differences:
- Slavery: Individuals have no control over their rights and freedoms and are entirely at the mercy of others.
- Serfdom: People have formal ownership of their bodies, but their social status is predetermined; they have restricted freedom of movement, and others can exploit their labor.
- Subjected citizenship: Individuals can move freely but do not influence public matters.
- Impoverished citizenship: People have fundamental rights and entitlements in public matters, but taking significant risks is necessary to have a real say, as seen in socialist republics.
- Essential citizenship: Like the above, individuals can participate in public affairs without significant risks.
- Socially active citizenship: People have a meaningful engagement with public affairs that impact their lives.
- Integrated citizenship: Individuals have effective ways to influence their surroundings.
- Norm-defining citizenship: People can shape political discourse and arenas.
- Co-creative citizenship: Society as a whole feels like one's home, and individuals are comfortable and entitled to participate in any aspect.
Even in the "most free" countries like Sweden, Germany, or the US, most citizens fall into level 5. At the same time, significant minorities experience levels 1-4, such as trafficking victims, illegal immigrants, or children living under oppressive parents. In countries like China, most people fall into levels 3-4.
It is essential to recognize that different demographics have varying degrees of freedom. While everyone can't reach the highest level of freedom, it is conceivable to create societies where more significant portions of the population can climb one or two steps higher on the scale while smaller pockets of oppression remain.
These different levels of freedom are closely tied to the cultural and institutional development of freedom within society. It is challenging to imagine a society driven by fear and guilt where a significant portion of the population feels deeply involved as co-creators of culture (levels 7-9) or even as dignified and protected citizens (levels 5).
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