Photography is a major form of expression in our society. Photography can be taken underwater as well as on land. There are many types of photographers- underwater photographers are distinct from their terrestrial kin due to the unique challenges they face. It is difficult to take good underwater photographs, which is why learning how to do so is so important.

First, underwater photographers learn to use available light since regular cameras do not work well in water. White light is the most common type of light used for photography; however, white light does not penetrate water. Therefore, underwater photographers use special lights to illuminate their subject matter.

Blue light is the most common type of light used for photography; it is also the only type of light that penetrates water. Other colors of light are used by photographers as well; however, blue light is the most common type of light used for photography. Photographers must also wear protective gear such as masks, gloves and fins when using these lights. Snorkeling (underwater walking) or diving suits are also used for mobility when taking photographs in water.

Next, negative space is used to add detail and create a sense of scale when creating underwater photographs. Water absorbs most forms of light so non-specific lighting methods are used to add detail to an image. Non-specific lighting methods include the use of glowsticks, plastic flashlights and even your own body heat. Additionally, the photographer must estimate where they want the subject in relation to the background when creating an underwater photograph.

The background gives context to the subject matter and enhances the overall sense of scale. Submerged objects appear larger than they are due to perspective, which makes it difficult for people to determine how large aquatic subjects are without a reference point. To avoid this illusionary effect, subjects should rest at or near the water's surface when possible.

Lastly, photographers should learn to let their subjects dictate the composition of their shots. Most people take pictures of fish, marine mammals and other aquatic creatures in nature settings like oceans and lakes. However, some people choose to take pictures of fish in their natural habitats- inside aquariums or fish tanks. The environment in which a photo is taken can affect how it looks on film; therefore, it's important to know what you're doing and choose a good environment for your subject matter if you so desire.

Photography has become an important form of expression for both terrestrial and aquatic photographers alike. Photographers have learned how to make excellent images using specialized equipment and lighting methods in stressful environments with limited time frames. Thankfully, anyone can learn how to take good underwater photographs with proper guidance and training!

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