Sometimes I take a quick look on facebook and other "social networks" were people are posting their "opinions" about FACTS, talking about drugs and other scientific treatment. 
I am always curious about the reaction of people about new product launched, maybe this depends by my professional background and actual job but It's something otherwise fascinating to me. 
A lot of people are scaring about the vaccine. I am not here to explain how it works a vaccine, but we can see together what there is inside the most famous already developed.
So let's see what are these components for each covid19 vaccine (approved or not!)
Feel free to asks questions. Please note I am not an employer of these company or have any financial interest on their stock.

Pfizer-Biontech Vaccine
The only vaccine so far approved by all regulatory authorities (American -FDA-, European -EMA) is the one developed by Pfizer-Biontech.
COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 (Comirnaty) contains a messenger RNA that cannot propagate if itself in host cells, but induces the synthesis of antigens of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (which itself coding).
The S antigens of the virus stimulate the antibody response of the person vaccinated with production of neutralizing antibodies.
The messenger RNA is enclosed in liposomes and synthetic lipids that help form the vesicles that carry the vaccine.
The vaccine also contains other excipients:
• 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (like a sugar)
• cholesterol (it helps to protect mrna)
• Potassium chloride (it helps to protect the vaccine)
• Potassium dihydrogen phosphate(it helps to protect the vaccine)
• Sodium chloride(it helps to protect the vaccine)
• Disodium phosphate dihydrate (it helps to protect the vaccine)
• sucrose
• water

MODERNA Vaccine (not approved in all world)
Moderna, which arrived a week after Pfizer, announced a vaccine (mRNA-1273) effective at 94.5% - about the same as the previous one - also based on the messenger RNA method. However, the company ensures that it has stabilized the molecule so that it can be stored at -20 degrees Celsius for six months and between 2 and 8 degrees (temperatures in the refrigerator) for a month. Outside the cold chain, however, the deadline starts after 12 hours. In both cases a four-week booster is required and in both cases the cost is significant, considering the scale on which it will have to be administered: between $ 20 and $ 30 per dose. Del Moderna are expected next year between 500 million and one billion doses, for which Pfizer 1.3 billion. However, a few million will already be ready for December, especially in the United States: the initial 20 million will be entirely for the United States.

AstraZeneca Vaccine (not approved in all world)
AstraZeneca could be "the vaccine of the world". This is because it will cost less than 3 euros per dose, in all likelihood the administration will take place according to the scheme (discovered fortuitously during the trials) of an initial half dose and a full dose booster after four weeks, coupled which brings efficacy to 90%. against 62% of the two full doses. This means more people to immunize from the start, lower costs and above all traditional pharmaceutical logistics: the vaccine from the University of Oxford, whose European vials will be produced at Catalent.
Is in fact preserved at 2- 8 degrees centigrade. Not only that: millions of doses are ready and three billion will arrive in the next six months. Specifically, 200 million doses could arrive by the end of the year, provided that the regulatory authorities (the European is already at work like the British, the American FDA will start in the coming weeks) give the green light. In that case, Italy would have 4-5 million. Then, over the months, 400 million will reach Europe, 13% of which will go to our country. For this AstraZeneca could seriously be the European vaccine, and Italian, considering the production times and the difficulties of distribution of the others, in addition to the agreements made by the Commission: 300 million doses the agreement with Pfizer, 160 the one with Moderna, 400 million those booked for Johnson & Johnson.
The difference in conservation is linked to the different production method. The AstraZeneca vaccine differs from the others because it is not based on messenger RNA but on an adenovirus, in particular the one that causes colds in chimpanzees, used as a vector capable of carrying the genetic information to our cells to produce the spike protein used from Sars-Cov-2 to attack and penetrate them. Again, the spike gets acquainted with our immune system without all the harmful virus behind it and stimulates the immune system. In all cases, two points remain to be understood: one, already mentioned, related to the duration of immunity. The second to the actual coverage: if only from the Covid-19 syndrome or even from the infection itself. It is not a small difference: in the first case it would potentially make us also healthy carriers, in the second case it would completely prevent the infectious dynamics.

JANSSEN Vaccine (not approved in all world)
The vaccine coming from Janssen, on the other hand, is also based on a genetically modified and defused adenovirus used as a vector even if it is a human variant of the cold virus (Type 26-Ad26) and not chimpanzees. This, in all likelihood, could affect its effectiveness because individuals who have been infected in the past may need an acquired memory and therefore prevent it from maximum effectiveness. In any case, it is the only one so far for which only one dose would be enough. In 2021, one billion doses should arrive. With its AdVac technology, Janssen has developed a vaccine against Ebola recently authorized by EMA and is developing others dedicated to contrasting HIV, Zika and Rsv, the human respiratory syncytial virus that infects mainly children under 2 years causing bronchiolitis in a small portion. severe.


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