Social media platforms such as VKontakte (VK), TikTok, and Telegram play a significant role in understanding how ordinary Russians perceive their country's invasion of Ukraine. Despite Russia's isolation, heavy monitoring, and censorship, these platforms provide researchers with valuable insights into the perspectives of individuals who would otherwise be inaccessible. However, it should be noted that the percentage of Russians accessing social media does not represent the entire population, and using VPNs further affects content accessibility.
By analyzing social media platforms, researchers gain crucial context for understanding the development and continuation of the war. They can also examine how narratives on these platforms differ from those of Russian media. Burner accounts, anonymous profiles used to access popular wartime channels, are important for social media intelligence work.
Open-source defense investigators have incorporated posts, conversations, and other data from these platforms into daily intelligence reports since the start of the invasion. By consistently engaging with similar content, analysts gain insight into the information ordinary Russian citizens are exposed to regarding the invasion of Ukraine. However, many VK users intentionally use the platform to block out the realities of war, contributing to a sense of distraction, dissociation, and apathy.
Online platforms often vilify and alienate Ukraine and its leadership. Channels on Telegram and TikTok, some with indications of Wagner affiliation, share videos and links that depict Ukraine through a negative lens, interweaving footage of Ukrainian fighters with Nazi imagery. Conversely, the content portrays Russian soldiers as benevolent figures engaging in acts of goodwill.
Compelling narratives observed in social media intelligence work prey on perceived weaknesses and historical mistakes, perpetuating misconceptions and fostering a sense of Russophobia. These narratives diffuse from Russian chatrooms, newsfeeds, and comment sections to international forums, spreading disinformation and influencing political views about Russia. It is important to monitor these platforms to anticipate Russian mindsets and counter disinformation efforts, as popular support plays a role in the continuation of the invasion.
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