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Overview

Filecoin is a decentralized storage and cloud services platform operating on an open global market. Its network capacity and market share for storage usage are currently the largest in the industry. Since the start of 2021, the Filecoin ecosystem has grown from 40 projects to over 330, with use cases ranging from NFTs, gaming, the metaverse, audio/video, and Web3. Filecoin's aim is to serve as the foundation for data-intensive Web3 services, providing verified storage, content retrieval, computing, and programmable applications. However, the platform's main challenge maintaining its reliability and security over time, which will be essential for its long-term success. 

Value Proposition

To incentivize providers to offer their storage capacity, they're rewarded with Filecoin's native token (FIL). To keep data secure, Filecoin uses two methods: a crypto-economic guarantee that uses zero-knowledge proofs to verify storage and an economic penalty in which providers are penalized through locked-up collateral if data is unretrievable or storage fails. To retrieve data, users pay a retrieval provider to fetch the data for them. Unlike storage deals, retrieval deals may happen off-chain, resulting in a faster data retrieval process. With over 330 projects in its ecosystem and a market share that leads the way in used storage and network capacity, Filecoin aims to offer the foundation for data-intensive Web3 services through verifiable storage, content retrieval, computing, and programmable apps. However, as with any new technology, the main challenge for Filecoin is proving its reliability over time. 

Decentralized storage is a critical component of the Web3 ecosystem, which aims to provide a solution to the current shortcomings of centralized data storage where users don’t have full control of their data and verifying the integrity of data is difficult. In response, new protocols and peer-to-peer networks have emerged, including Filecoin, which has become the largest decentralized storage and cloud service platform by used storage and network capacity.

Differentiators

There are two major technical routes to decentralized storage solutions: blockchain network-based storage and P2P network-based storage. Filecoin is an example of P2P network-based storage where files are stored in nodes of an IPFS network instead of a blockchain, and the storage relies on PoRep (a replication proof) and PoST (a proof of time and space) to indicate that the data is continuously stored.

However, the storage segment’s growth has slowed in 2022 due to the overall crypto industry’s environment. While Filecoin remains the alpha in terms of available storage capacity and actual storage capacity, it’s seen a slower growth rate than the high growth rate observed in the second half of 2022. Despite this, upgrades and innovations continue to occur, with Filecoin's introduction of the Filecoin Virtual Machine (FVM) being a significant upgrade. The FVM injects programmability into the distributed storage network and is a multi-language friendly execution environment based on WASM, providing smart contract deployments in the Filecoin network.

Challenges to Adoption

The Filecoin network faces fierce competition to achieve global adoption. This is relevant both within and outside the context of the blockchain economy. Filecoin faces competition from centralized cloud storage providers, the current Internet’s go-to for data storage solutions, including:

• Amazon Web Services
• Dropbox
• Google Drive
• Microsoft Azure

Likewise, Filecoin faces direct competition from other blockchain-based data storage market options, including:

• Storj
• Swarm
• Sia
• Arweave
• Binance Greenfield