A

Alliance Chain

It can be regarded as a type of private chain. It is generally operated by multiple organizations and it is partial-decentralized compared to a public chain.

Accidental Fork

It refers to a situation where two or more miners successfully calculate the harsh at the same time, which means finding the block.

API

Within Blockchain industry, it is the abbreviation form of Application Programming Interface.

Address

Comprised of a series of letters and numbers, it is similar to a bank account, which is used to transfer and receive cryptocurrencies.

Asymmetric Cryptographic Algorithm

Known as a cryptographic algorithm, it requires 2 keys, the public key for encryption and the private key for decryption.

Arbitrage

It refers to a type of trading by maximizing profits on price differences between exchanges.

Attack Vector

It is a technique by which unauthorized access can be gained to a device or a network to exploit the sys tem‘s vulnerabilities.

ATOM

Cosmos is a decentralized network of independent parallel blockchains, each powered by BFT consensus algorithms like Tendermint consensus. It officially launched in March 2019.

Anti-Money Laundering

It refers to a series of laws and regulations decreed by authorities in order to prevent criminals from disguising illegal obtained funds as legitimate income.

Algorand（ALGO）

Algorand_s consensus mechanism is permissionless and pure proof-of-stake. It ensures full participation, protection, and speed within a truly decentralized network.

Altcoin

It refers to alternative cryptocurrencies launched after bitcoin.

Anonymity

One of the key features of blockchain. It enables a higher level of privacy of the transaction without revealing information about the trading parties.

Autonomy

It is one of the characteristics of Blockchain technology.

Asset Token

It is a type of cryptocurrency that can be regarded as an asset such as stocks, securities.

B

Blow Up

It happens when a trader‘s loss exceeds the deposit in his or her account due to the vaｒiation of the market.

Block

Refers to a computer file that records transaction information. A blockchain is created when blocks are connected as a continuous chain.

Blockchain

It is comprised of blocks and become a chain. The block refers to a digital piece of information of a database.

Bitcoin

Created by Satoshi Nakamoto, it is a cryptocurrency integrated with the subjects of Cryptography and Consensus Mechanism.

Byzantine Generals Problem

Proposed by Leslie Lambert in 1982, it is the fault-tolerant problem of peer-to-peer network. Bitcoin solves this problem by Proof of Work Consensus.

Brute Force Attack

It refers to a method in cryptography which obtains information such as passwords by trying all the possible answers.

Bullish

When a trader believes that an asset will rise in value, he or she is “bullish“ on the asset.

Bitcoin Pizza

It is an event that took place on May 22, 2010.

Bull Market

Refers to the positive market trend.

Bull Trap

It refers to the inaccurate signal that indicate market price increases but in fact, the price will continue to decrease.

Bear Market

It refers to a gloomy and negative market condition.

Black Swan Event

Refers to the unpredictable and influential events such as 911 and Brexit.

Bearish

When a traders believe that an asset will drop in value, he or she is “bearish“ on the asset.

Block Reward

Refers to the rewards that miners receive for finding new blocks by using mining devices. Different cryptocurrencies have different rewards based on respective blocks in the blockchain.

Block Height

The number of blocks within the blockchain from its genesis block.

Block Trading

It refers to the large volume trading.

Bounce Back

It is a word which can be used to describe both the stock market and cryptocurrency market when the price of an asset keeps declining, but turns to rise again.

Bitcoin Gold

It is a new token created by a hard fork of the original open-source cryptocurrency which took place on October 24, 2017, with a total issue amount of 21 million.

Bytom Blockchain Protocol

It is an interactive protocol of multiple byte assets.

Big Pie

A Chinese saying of BTC.

C

Coin Hoarding

Behavior where an investor starts to purchase and hoard a large sum of some currency.

Copycat Coin

All cryptocurrencies except Bitcoin can be called a copycat coin. However, they are not counterfeit, but rather a new kind of coin developed based on Bitcoin source code.

Cryptocurrency Speculation

It is a type of trading to gain profits by speculating on crypto price.

Cryto-crypto Trading

It refers to the type of trading by purchasing one crypto at the price of another crypto, such as purchasing Bitcoin using USDT（as in BTC/USDT）.

Consensus Mechanism

It is a sys tem to reach agreements about whether a piece of information.

Candy

It could be seen as a token given away to users.

Cut Loss

It refers to the act of reducing the amount of crypto assets in position when the prices are dropping.

Ciphertext

Refers to the encrypted form of the plaintext.

Cold Wallet

It is a wallet that is not connected to the network and therefore it is more secure to store crypto assets.

Computational Power

As the measurement of Bitcoin network processing power, it can measure the speed of the Hash Function output calculated by CPU.

Cryptocurrency

It is a virtual currency developed by using cryptography and encryption techniques.

Chinese Chives

It is a Chinese metaphor in the crypto industry which describes investors who are not familiar with the cryptocurrency market.

Cryptography

Cryptography is a branch of Mathematics and Computer science.

Crocodiles

It refers to individuals or organization that try to make profit from any situation with large amount of capital.

Consensus

A consensus is an agreement reached by different parties.

Consensus Algorithm

It is a process in computer science used to achieve agreement on a single data value among distributed processes or _s.

Contract Trading

It is a type of standardized futures trading.

Confidential Transaction

It is a cryptographic protocol that is able to conceal the crypto assets’ amount value and the address of the recipient.

Cover

It refers to the behavior of buying-in more of the asset that is already in position when the price of that asset drops so that the cost can be diminished.

Crypto-investor

Specifically referring to people accumulating assets through crypto market trading or offering tokens through projects.

Chive Harvesting

t refers to a phenomenon that big dealers purchase a large amount of some crypto asset at its lowest price in order to raise the price.

Coin Shuffling

It is a privacy service.

Compliance

The practice of obeying rules or requests made by an authority.

Contract Layer

It is one of the layers of a blockchain sys tem, consisting of va rious scr ipts, algorithms, and smart contracts.

Core Wallet

It contains the entire blockchain. Users can not only receive, store and send cryptocurrencies with it but also program on it.

Computational infeasibility

It refers to a situation where the computation is computable, but it will take an unrealistic amount of time to process

Confirmation of transaction

It happens when a transaction is recorded and confirmed.

Cold Storage

It means to keep your crypto offline for the sake of security.

Candidate Block

It is a temporary block created by a mining node using transactions selected from the memory pool in order to receive the block rewards.

D

Drop Below Market Debut

It refers to the situation where the price of a coin or token drops below its issuing price.

Delegated Proof of Stake

It requires coin/token holders to vote for representatives who are responsible for validating the transaction and maintaining the network.

Darknet

It refers to the private network connected by non-standard protocol and ports, and credible nodes, which cannot be accessed by regular protocols.

DApp

It is the abbreviation form of Decentralized Application which is run on a P2P network.

Distributed Ledger

It is a shared and synchronized database based on P2P technology for data and asset transaction records. Blockchain is regarded as a type of distributed ledger.

Depth

It is a word used to assess whether an Exchange is capable of remaining stable when there is a lot of large volume trading.

Digital Signature

Similar to a personal signature singed on paper, a digital signature is a string of encrypted numbers developed by the message sender and impossible to forge by others.

Double Spending

It refers to a given amount of coins that are spent twice or more.

Dead Cat Bounce

It refers to the price of some coin that keeps declining and then temporarily bounces. But it keeps dropping afterward.

Deep Web

It is the world wide web whose hidden contents cannot be visited by search engines.

Decentralization

Decentralization is an updated sys tem to access, store, and update data on the internet from not only a few connected portals.

Decentralized Exchange

Short form for Decentralized Exchange, which does not rely on a central authority and allows peer-to-peer trading.

Distributed Denial of Service Attack （DDoS Attack）

It is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator overwhelms a server with traffic, slowing down and disrupting the normal traffic of the server and making it unavailable for others.

Distributed Cloud Computing

It is the technology to have multiple computers work at the same on a single problem.

Deposit

It is the funds placed in an account as the first installment on a purchase or as a pledge for a contract.

Dust Transaction

Refers to transactions of minuscule amounts of token/coins in which the value of the token/coins is lower than the cost of spending it.

Dogecoin（DOGE）

t is a cryptocurrency featuring a likeness of the Shiba Inu dog with the “Doge“ Internet meme as its logo.

DCA

It is an investment strategy used in a fixed period of time.

Difficulty Bomb

It refers to the increase of difficulty in the Ethereum mining process.

Difficulty Target

The level of difficulty at which a new block is created every 10 minutes.

Dash

Formerly named DarkCoin, is the first privacy-centric cryptographic currency with anonymous block transactions powered by DarkSend.

Derivatives

These are special financial products whose values derives from its underlying financial assets.

Distributed Ledger

One of the key features of blockchains. It enables the transparency and availability of the blockchain ledger to all the nodes in the network.

E

Ethereum

An open-source, smart contract, and decentralized blockchain-based application platform, which was proposed by Vitalik Buterin.

Eater Address

Refers to an address that is not recognized by the Blockchain or loses its private key.

Encryption Algorithm

It is a kind of algorithm which encrypts the original information into a series of unreadable cipher-text, while the process is irreversible.

Eclipse Attack

Refers to the malicious act that aims to attack some node in the network. It prevents a certain target from getting an accurate picture of the real network state.

Exchange Trading

The opposite of OTC, meaning that the trading activity occurs on an exchange.

Exchange Dividend

It is the bonus distributed by an exchange that users receive by holding the token issued by that exchange.

ERC-20

It is an official protocol for proposing improvements to the Ethereum （ETH） network.

Exchange Rate

It refers to the value or price of one currency expressed in another currency.

F

Fiat Currency

It is the lawful currency issued by the central bank of a country, such as Chinese Yuan, US Dollar, and Japanese Yen.

Fiat Currency Trading

It is the trading within users. For example, after transferring fiat money to a seller, the buyer receives the crypto from the seller.

Fully Invested

Refers to the behaviour of investing all the funds to purchase crypto asset at one time.

Favourable Information

It refers to the news favourable to the rise of currency price.

Intentional Fork

The general term for both a hard fork and a soft fork.

Forked Coin

It is a new cryptocurrency generated from a blockchain_s hard fork. e.g BCH is BTC_s fork coin.

Fiat Collateralized Stable Coin

It refers to a type of stablecoin which is backed by a fiat currency.

Financial service

It refers to economic services involving financial transactions，etc.

Federated Byzantine Agreement

It is a form of Byzantine Fault Tolerance. It requires nodes to be known and verified ahead of time before users request any performance from the FBA.

G

Genesis Block

The 1st block created in the Blockchain.

The Ghost Protocol

It was introduced and implemented by Ethereum.

H

Holdings

The amount of one‘s crypto asset in position.

Hash Algorithm

An encryption function that is able to transform any information into a fixed-length string.

Hard Fork

Refers to a situation where a new kind of Blockchain is diverted from the original.

Hot Wallet

This is a sort of wallet used to store coins online, but it only can be used when there is a network connection, so it is less safe than a cold wallet, which stores coins offline.

Halving

It refers to the mechanism that the bitcoin block reward will be reduced by half every 210,000 blocks, so as to the control the supply and maintain the value of the currency.

Hedging

It is a risk management strategy used to offset potential losses on investment by investing in another venture which is expected to perform the opposite way.

Hyperledger

It is an open-source project which aims to advance cross-industry blockchain technologies.

HODL

A typo of “Hold.“ It refers to the strategies of holding crypto assets and not selling them.

Hashed Timelock Contract

It is a technology that enables transactions and transfer of tokens issued on different blockchains.

Hacker

It generally refers to experts who have an advanced understanding of computer _s and networks such as programmers.

Honeypot technique

It is a deception technique used to upgrade _ defense ability.

Hybrid Consensus

It is a sys tem designed to enhance the efficiency of a single consensus mechanism, usually integrated with more than 2 consensus protocols.

I

Iceberg oｒder

A large order which is presented as a smaller limit order to hide the actual order quantity.

IEO

Similar to an Initial Coin Offering （IC0）, Initial Exchange Offering is a fundraising method for cryptocurrency projects when first listed on an exchange.

IC0

It is a kind of fundraising method for cryptocurrency projects when they are about to issue their token or coins.

Incentive Layer

One of the layers in blockchain, which is mainly about a reward distribution mechanism.

Interest

The amount of extra money paid at a certain rate to the lender by borrowers over a certain period of time.

K

Know Your Customer

A standard procedure to verify a customer’s identity in order to deter illegal behaviors such as money laundering.

L

Liquidation

An act of closing futures trading.

Large Position

It refers to the situation where an investor buys a lot of crypto with funds and holds a lesser amount of cash.

Lock-up Position

It refers to the situation where tokens or coins are not allowed to be traded in a certain time period.

Long Selling

Investors start to buy some currency with the expectation of a price rise in the future. Once its price rises, they sell it at a high price to be able to take profits.

Lighting Network

This term was first proposed in 2015 with the purpose of improving the scalability of Bitcoin transactions.

Long Range Attack

It is an attack where an adversary creates the other branch on the blockchain, starting from the Genesis block and replaces the legal mainchain.

Long Wick Candle

It appears when the price of a stock or token decreases or increases dramatically within a short period of time, indicating that the price might see a reverse trend.

Large Investors

Refers to those investors who have access to massive capital and conduct a large amount of trading - in frequency and in quantity.

Chain Circle

It is a circle consisting of experts and professions concentrating on blockchain technology

M

Miner

It refers to an individual who wants to get the block reward by using computers to calculate the encryption functions.

Mining

It is a process using high-performance computing devices to tackle complicated computational math problems, and as a result, tokens are rewarded to the miner completed the block.

Mining Rig

It is used to calculate encryption functions, usually performing a single calculation program and being equipped with a mining chip.

Mining Pool

Miners combine their computational power over a network and become a joint mining group. The mining pool assigns calculation tasks to each miner （mining rig） connected to the pool.

Mining Farm

A place which has a large number of mining rigs to mine cryptocurrencies.

Malicious Node

The nodes created to attack other networks.

Merkle Tree

Also known as Hash Tree, a Merkel Tree is a tree-like data structure.

Mainstream Token

Refers to cryptos whose market values rank the top. Common mainstream currencies are BTC, LTC and ETH etc.,

Mainnet

Mainnet is a reliable network protocol of blockchain where transaction information can be verified and recorded.

Market Stabilization

It is a behavior to stabilize the price of a cryptocurrency by purchasing a large number of it to prevent its price from plunging.

Multi-signature Wallet

It is a type of wallet that requires at least two private keys to authorize a transaction.

Multichain Wallet

It is a type of wallet that enables transactions of crypto assets on different mainnets. It can store more than one type of crypto asset.

Merkle Root

It is the final hash left after multiple calculations.

Mining Difficulty

It refers to the amount of time used in mining.

Margin Trading

It refers to the trading activity which allows traders to trade with borrowed funds to increase their sums of capital.

Money Supply

It refers to the entire stock of a country‘s fiat currency. It consists of the cash in circulation and the deposits.

Multi-signature

It is a mechanism requiring multiple keys to authorize a transaction.

N

Nounce

This is a string of automatically generated numbers during the process of mining. Using this string of numbers, miners are likely to figure out Hash Function to get the block reward.

Node

It refers to a connecting point in a decentralized network. A node can be a mobile phone, a computer or a mining rig. The more nodes a network has, the more secure it will be.

Non-Fungible Token

Built on the ERC-721 standard, it is a particular type of cryptographic token representing something unique that cannot be interchanged for another.

Non-Transferable Token

They are the tokens that are nontransferable nor interchangeable.

Neutrality of Money

It is an economic theory that the changes in the supply of money have no impact on the overall economy.

O

Orphan Block

They are the blocks that are not recogized by the Blockchain.

Over-the-counter

In the cryptocurrency field, any transactions completed outside the Exchange can be seen as OTC.

Offline wallet

It means cold wallet.

P

Position Opening

Investors create positions by buying or selling a certain amount of future contracts.

Public Blockchain

It is a type of blockchain that allow anyone to check, exchange transaction data, and participate in the process of consensus.

Proof of Work

Proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto, it is designed to solve the Byzantine Generals Problems.

Proof of Stake

It is a mechanism designed to distribute interest according to the number of tokens that users are staking.

Ponzi Scheme

It is a form of fraud created by Chales Ponzi.

P2P Storage

It is a decentralized storage sys tem which leverages the storage capacity of each node of a network and therefore enhancing the network efficiency.

Private Key

Public and private key pair is a pair of closely related cryptographic keys. Associated with the address of a crypto, the private key is non-public.

Public Key

The public key and private key are a pair of keys generated from encryption algorithm.

Plaintext

It refers to the readable information transmitted from a sender to a receiver.

Potential Blockchain Project

It means a crypt token that is considered worth investing in.

Pyramid Scheme

It is a scheme that uses funds of multiple users to pay back other users.

Periodic Investment Plan

It is a common investment strategy that allows an investor to invest their funds by making small periodic payments.

Peak Sale

Refer to the act of selling an asset in a period of time at a relatively higher price compared to the stocking price.

Position Proportion

It is the proportion between the total funds and buying funds.

Programmability

One of the key features of blockchain.

Payment Token

It is a type of cryptocurrency that is considered as a medium of payment, such as BTC and LTC.

R

Rollback

It is an operation of restoring a program or data to its previous status due to data process errors.

Risk Management

It is the process of identifying, analyzing, and mitigating the risks in investments.

Ransomware:

It is a type of pr_ent malicious software.

Reverse

It is a situation that occurs when the price drops to the bottom line but later keeps rising, showing a “V” shape on the chart.

Ring Signature

In cryptography, a ring signature refers to a kind of digital signature that is created by any member of a group of users, which each have their own keys.

Road map

It refers to the project schedule of a blockchain project

Raiden Network

It is an off-chain scaling solution that enables instant and low-fee payments.

S

Small Position

It refers to the situation where an investor holds more cash and a small amount of crypto in his account.

Soft Fork

Refers to the procedure of a temporary program upgrade.

Swing Trading

It is a style of trading that attempts to gain profits by going long or short in multiple trading sessions in a shorter period （several times at a day or in a week）.

Sybil Attack

It refers to an individual who manages to create multiple accounts for the purpose of controlling the whole network by getting enough nodes.

Stable Coin

A coin whose price can remain stable without significant fluctuation.

Atomic Swap

This is a smart contract technology that enables the transaction of one cryptocurrency for another without intermediaries.

Satoshi Nakamoto

The creator of Bitcoin, but his real identity remains unknown.

Smart Contract

First proposed by Nick Szabo in the 1990s, it is a kind of computer protocol aiming at disseminating and verifying contracts.

Short Selling

Investors sell the currency at the current price with the expectation of price decline in the future.

Sideways Trend

Refers to the stable average price during a period of time that no obvious fluctuations was observed.

Shitcoin

it refers to an altcoin that has no intrinsic value since it does not have any use cases or a proper project behind it.

Sharding

It is a method used to divide an extensive database into smaller parts in order to make it faster and easier to process.

Sidechain

A sidechain is a separate blockchain attached to its mainchain.

Single-signature Wallet

It is a type of wallet that requires only one private key to authorize a transaction.

Super-sovereign Reserve Currency

A super currency is a hypothetical global currency.

Strategy Analysis

In accounting and finance industries, it is an analysis of a business_s financial state - including health, competitors, and markets.

Satoshi

It is the minimum unit of a Bitcoin nominated by Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of Bitcoin.

Secondary Market

It is a market where investors buy and sell assets they already own. _ious exchanges can be regarded as the biggest secondary market so far.

Settlement

It refers to the exchange of money or security between trading parties on the settlement date as agreed.

Seed round

It refers to the first round of investment funding raised for a blockchain project.

SPV

It is a software which enables you to confirm the transaction without downloading the entire blockchain.

T

Token

Tokens refer to the Blockchain circulating units such as BTC, ETH, etc.

Timestamp

It refers to the sign that is set to mark events, and it can record what has happened at a certain time. Each transaction is arranged in order by the marked time.

Testnet

A public blockchain consists of its mainnet and testnet.

To the moon

It means the surge of a token‘s price. Some joke about linking this phenomenon with the possibility of buying a Lamborghini, saying “When moon, When Lambo“.

The Intranet

It is a network connected to, interacting with and recognized by general （household）objects.

Taker

It refers to a trader who place an order that trades immediately by filling an existing order on the order book.

TRON

TRON is committed to promoting the decentralization of the Internet and is committed to building infrastructure for the decentralized Internet.

Turnover Rate

Indicates the frequency of the exchange of cryptocurrency being traded during a certain period as a reflection of liquidity.

The medium of exchange

In modern transactions, the common medium of exchange is currency.

Transaction broadcast

It refers to a situation where transaction information will be relayed in the network, and the nodes will confirm the process.

Traceability

One of the key features of blockchain.

The annualized rate of return

It is a profit on an investment over a period of time, which is typically a year.

U

Unfavourable Information

It refers to the news that leads to the decline of currency price.

Utility Token

It is a type of cryptocurrency that is issued in order to fund the development of the cryptocurrency which later can be later used to purchase a good or service offered by the issuer.

W

Wallet

Designed to keep cryptos, a wallet consists of an address which is connected to the respective blockchain.

White Paper

It is an introduction to a Blockchain project, including its mission and purpose, technical background, team, token allocation, etc.

Whitelist

It is a collection of trusted individuals, computer programs or cryptocurrency addresses.

Whale

It is often used to describe an individual or an organization that holds a large sum of crypto assets and can impact the markets.

Y

Cloud mining

It is a kind of service provided to those who want to conduct mining but do not want to buy mining devices.

Z

zk-SNARK

It refers to a method of proofing

Zcash

It is a decentralized and open-source privacy-focused cryptocurrency that first applied zero-knowledge proofs.

Zero-confirmation transaction

It refers to a transaction confirmed by the seller without being recorded and verified on the blockchain.